霧社高峰復育區&清境栓皮櫟林_森林之旅生態紀實

【活動紀實─英文版，希望有機會連結國際，分享天然林復育的推動】

臺灣山林復育協會《霧社高峰復育區&清境栓皮櫟林生態之旅》活動紀實2017/11/19
Taiwan Reforestation Association《Wushe Gaofeng Reforestation Area & Chingjing Quercus Variabilis Forest Ecological Trip 2017/11/19》
本月原本安排前往霞喀羅古道，但因清泉段入口道路維修，封閉三個月，故改前往霧社及清境。出發前，每天都關注著氣象，預報顯示降雨機率將達90%，氣溫15度比較低。但沒想到我們當天的活動，居然沒有淋到雨，溫度也很涼爽，可能是有人掛「晴天娃娃」奏效吧！
This month’s Xiakelo historic trail trip was cancelled due to three-month road reconstruction, so we headed for Weshe and Chingjing for our ecological trip. We were fortunate to have a pretty good weather with cool temperature.
我們搭車沿埔霧公路(台14)到霧社停車場。再沿眉溪(烏溪上游)與濁水溪的分水嶺「高峰巷(稜線)」陡上步行前往高峰山。由於稜線東側為濁水溪上游萬大水庫的保安林，因此未被開墾成茶園，但保安林卻是伐除天然林後，所種植的柳杉；稜線西側因不屬於保安林，故沿線幾乎全面被開墾成茶園、果園。
We took the bus along Provincial Highway 14 to Wushe parking lot, and then walked along Gaofeng Lane ( the ridgeline), which separates Mei River(Upstream of Wu River) and Jhuoshuei River. As we hiked towards Mont. Gaofeng, in the east side of the ridgeline is the protective forest in Wan Da Reservoir located in the upstream Jhuoshuei River; it has not been developped as a tea farm, but was planted as a Cryptomeria japonica forest after cutting down the natural forest. Conversely, the forest in the west side of the ridgeline is not listed as a protective forest, so it is mostly  developped as tea farms and fruit farms.
但西側其中有一塊面積約三分的山坡地，原本是水蜜桃園，地主與臺灣山林復育協會於今年3月26日合作進行天然林復育的植樹活動。這8個多月來，志工們每月排班上來照顧這些小樹苗，使得樹苗存活率高達9成。
In the west side, there is a slope land around point zero three acre. The slope land was formerly a peach farm. After the landowner decided to cooperate with Taiwan Reforestation Association, it has become our reforestation site. On March 26th, we planted saplings, and every month volounteers come and take care of the saplings. The survival rate is as high as 90 %.
此次復育是以附近殘存的天然林「霧社禎楠」植物社會作為藍圖，並選擇森林中的骨幹樹種作為種植的對象，如三斗石櫟、青剛櫟、霧社禎楠、長葉木薑子。我們期待這片復育區透過此協助，能加速演替的過程，盡早恢復為極盛相的森林。
The reforestation plan used the ramaining natural forest Machilus zuihoensis var. mushaensis plant society as a blueprint and planted major species of trees in the forest such as Pasania hancei var. ternaticupula, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Machilus zuihoensis var. mushaensis, and Litsea acutivena. We hope to accelerate natural succession and restore the ultimately biodiverse stable-state forest.
反觀復育區旁另一側的保安林，卻因密植柳杉，而降低了許多森林應有的生態功能。由於森林法第24條規定保安林的經營管理要更新、撫育…，「更新」即砍掉重種，種上人想要的樹種，這是經濟林的思維。森林法亦是國民政府在1932年於中國訂的法律，其中第24條沿用至今，一直沒有修改，故使得臺灣大部分的保安林皆呈現人工林的狀態，這也讓野生動物的棲地受到嚴重的影響！
Comparing to the protective forest in the other side of the reforestation site, the ecological functions were reduced due to the densely planted Cryptomeria japonica forest. According to Forest Act no.24 that declares protective forest management is based on tending, and renewing… “Renewing” stands for cutting existing trees and planting desirable trees, which is the management method of an economic forest. The Forest Act was enacted in China back in 1932; the no.24 is being used until now without any revision. Therefore, most of the protective forests are man-planted forests, which also pose negative impacts on wild animals habitats.
天然林與人工林到底有什麼不一樣？只有透過體驗，才能實際感受到「物種組成、生態功能、水土保持、森林氛圍」真的都不一樣。但目前臺灣仍有許多人不了解自然森林的運作，誤以為只要種上許多高貴的樹，就是復育森林！這樣的做法，反而會影響森林的演替，而讓天然林遲遲無法恢復。
What is the difference between natural forest and man-planted forests? Only by experiencing in person can you feel the difference of the species composition, ecological functions, soil and water conservation, and forest ambience. Many people in Taiwan still don’t understand how natural forests function, thinking planting economic trees equals reforestation. The mistake will negativly impact forest succession and restoration of natural forest.
離開了復育區後，一路的陡坡，中午我們終於到達高峰山頂，海拔1563公尺，這裡依然是柳杉林，但經過了一個上午的解說，到山頂時，所有人已能分辨天然林與人工林的差別了。
After leaving reforestation area and hiking along the steep slope, we arrived on the top of Mont. Gaofeng located at an altitude of 1563 meters. Here is still the Cryptomeria japonica forest, after the lecture, everyone can distinguish the difference of natural forests and man-planted forests.
離開了高峰山，我們再搭車前往清境農場的「青青草原停車場」。這個停車場旁的邊坡，因為是路基，不能做任何的開發、開墾等，故殘存著一小片的天然林。我們在這裡拉設了10m × 10m的樣區，這片森林是「栓皮櫟-山香圓」優勢的植物社會，樹冠層的樹種有「栓皮櫟、青楓、賊仔樹、狹葉櫟、臺灣赤楊」，第二層喬木及灌木有「山香圓、小葉桑、石楠、霧社禎楠、呂宋莢迷、杜虹花、阿里山榆、長尾栲、巒大越橘、台東莢迷、長葉木薑子、狹葉櫟」，樣區記錄詳如附件。
Later we left Mont. Gaofeng and headed for Chingjing Green Green Grassland parking lot. The slope area beside the parking is not allowed for any development or plantation because it is the road foundation. Thus, there is a small remaining natural forest in the slope area. We set a 10 meter by 10 meter sampling area to explore the forest dominated by Quercus variabilis and Turpinia formosana. The plant species found in the canopy layer are Quercus variabilis, Acer serrulatum, Tetradium meliaefolia, Cyclobalanopsis stenophylloides, Alnus formosana. The arbors and the shrubs found in the lower treee levels are Turpinia formosana, Morus australis, Photinia serratifolia, Machilus zuihoensis var. mushaensis, Viburnum luzonicum, Callicarpa formosana, Ulmus uyematsui, Castanopsis carlesii, Vaccinium randaiense, Viburnum taitoense, Litsea acutivena, Cyclobalanopsis stenophylloides. The sampling area survey report is as attached.
此次調查之目的是希望讓參與的夥伴瞭解清境農場未被開墾前，並非草原，而是森林。倘若未來清境農場要復育天然林，也應以這片殘存的天然林作為藍圖進行復育。
The purpose of this ecological trip to let our members aware that the Chingjing Farm was formerly a forest, not a cultivated grassland. If Chingjing Farm is to proceed reforestation of natural forests, the remaining natural forests is to serve as a blueprint for the reforestation. 
調查結束後，在返回的路上，看到這個「觀光勝地」依然人車鼎沸，這裡沒有森林保護的山坡，超限利用比比皆是，這幾年為了讓這些違建就地合法，南投縣政府甚至荒謬地提出要讓此山區變更為「都市計畫區」的構想！
After the survey, on our way home, we saw this “vocation spot” was still crowded with tourists and cars. The hill side has been overused without being protected by forests. These years Nantou County Government even proposes to change this mountain area into “urban planning division” as to legalize the illgal constructions.
清境的現在，在過去的累積下，已變成燙手山芋。未來清境到底何去何從，或許需要更多人一起來瞭解這個地方應有的生態運作，才會出現一絲的契機！相信只要讓清境重回森林的懷抱，這個地方就會跟盧山溫泉的命運不同，這裡也會因森林的重現，而展現山林的生命力，繼續生生不息！
Chingjing at the time being is the result of previous wrongdoings. What is the place going to be like in the future relies more people to better understand the ecological operation in Chingjing. We believe only when Chingjing become a forest again, can it lower the risk of landslides. Chingjing will be home to all living things and people more prosperous with forests than without.
~致謝~
此次活動感謝黃傳奇先生協助租借到大巴，謝謝泓君一起跟大夥碰面，一起走到高峰山頂，謝謝妍廷、慧玉協助活動攝影的工作及明書、晴瑋協助樣區植物拍照的紀錄，謝謝永億、麗雲帶來的可口的柿子與香蕉，也謝謝芋秀幫忙報到等行政的工作，最後感謝欣一帶領森林生態調查，也謝謝大家的參與。
Special Thanks:
We want to thank the members assisting photograpy, notetaking, and administration work. We want to thank the members bringing fruit to share with everybody, and lastly, thank Hsin Yi Chen for leading the ecological survey and thank everybody for your participation.
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附件：
臺灣山林復育協會《清境栓皮櫟林生態調查》
Taiwan Reforestation Association
《Chingjing Quercus Variabilis Forest Ecological Survey》
日期：2017/11/19
Date: 2017/11/19
地點：南投縣仁愛鄉青青草園停車場旁邊坡
Site Name: Slope area next to Green Green Grassland Parking Lot, Renai Township, Nantou County
植物社會：栓皮櫟─山香圓
Plant Society: Quercus variabilis- Turpinia formosana
坡度35°；坡向135°
Slope 35°; Slope Direction 135°
海拔高度：1926m
Height Above Sea Level: 1926m
樣區面積：10m×10m
Sample Area: 10m×10m
座標：N:24°03'34.24";E: 120°09'51.92"
Coordinate: N:24°03'34.24";E: 120°09'51.92"
備註：
調查：陳欣一；紀錄：林妤謙
Surveyor: Hsin Yi Chen; Notetaker: Lin Yu Qian
~T1樹冠層，高度15m，覆蓋度80%~
T1 Upper Tree Layer, Height 15 m, Range of Cover 80%
栓皮櫟（3，2）、青楓（3，1）、賊仔樹（3，1）、狹葉櫟（2，1）、臺灣赤楊（2，1）、百香果（+，2）、硬齒獼猴桃（1，2）
Quercus variabilis(3,2) , Acer serrulatum（3,1）, Tetradium meliaefolia(3,1), Cyclobalanopsis stenophylloides(2,1), Alnus formosana(2,1), Passiflora edulis(+,2), Actinidia callosa(1,2)
~ S灌木層，高度7m，覆蓋度50%~
S Shrub Layer, Height 7m, Range of Cover 50%
山香圓（3，1）、小葉桑（2，1）、石楠（1，+）、霧社禎楠（1，+）、呂宋莢迷（1，1）、杜虹花（1，1）、藤胡頹子（1，+）、阿里山榆（1，+）、臺灣何首烏（+，2）、台灣崖爬藤（1，2）、長尾栲（1，+）、巒大越橘（1，+）、台東莢迷（1，2）、百香果（+，1）、硬齒獼猴桃（+，1）、三葉崖爬藤（+，2）、長葉木薑子（1，+）、狹葉櫟（1，+）
Turpinia formosana(3,1), Morus australis(2,1), Photinia serratifolia(1,+) Machilus zuihoensis var. mushaensis(1,+), Viburnum luzonicum(1,1), Callicarpa formosana(1,1), Elaeagnus glabra(1,+), Ulmus uyematsui(1,+), Polygonum multiflorum var. hypoleucum(+,2), Tetrastigma umbellatum(1,2), Castanopsis carlesii(1,+), Vaccinium randaiense(1, +), Viburnum taitoense(1,2), Passiflora edulis(+,1), Actinidia callosa(+,1), Tetrastigma formosanum(+,2), Litsea acutivena(1,+), Cyclobalanopsis stenophylloides(1,+)
~H地被層，高度1.5m，覆蓋度85%~
H: herbaceous layer, Height 1.5m, Range of Cover 85%
小葉桑（+，+）、呂宋莢迷（1，1）、杜虹花（+，1）、紫莖牛膝（2，2）、天門冬（+，1）、島田氏月桃（2，3）、三葉崖爬藤（1，2）、粗毛鱗蓋蕨（+，1）、散穗弓果黍（2，2）、擬芨瓦葦（+，1）、紅苞鱗毛蕨（2，2）、百香果（+，1）、黃花三七草（+，1）、臺灣崖爬藤（1，2）、大葉馬蔸鈴（+，2）、風藤（1，2）、火炭母草（+，1）、台灣何首烏（1，1）、臺灣山黑扁豆（+，1）、童山白蘭（+，1）、假菝葜（+，1）、長葉木薑子（+，1）、霧社禎楠（+，1）、硬齒獼猴桃（+，+）、巒大紫珠（+，+）、墨點櫻桃（+，+）、秘魯燈籠草（+，+）、台東莢迷（1，2）、金箭草（+，+）、南五味子（+，1）、柱果鐵線蓮（+，2）、藤胡頹子（+，+）、臺灣常春藤（1，2）、大星蕨（+，1）、萊氏鐵角蕨（+，+）、大葉鳳尾蕨（+，1）、屋久複葉耳蕨（+，+）、大葉溲蘇（+，+）
Morus australis(+,+),Viburnum luzonicum(1,1), Callicarpa formosana(+,+),chyranthes aspera var. rubro-fusca(2,2), Asparagus cochinchinensis(+,1), Alpinia shimadae(2,3), Tetrastigma formosanum(1,2), Microlepia strigosa(+,1), Cyrtococcum accrescens(2,2), Lepisorus monilisorus(+,1), Dryopteris subintegriloba(2,2), Passiflora edulis(+,1), Gynura japonica(+,1), Tetrastigma umbellatum(1,2), Aristolochia kaempferi(+,2), Piper kadsura(1,2), Polygonum chinense(+,1), Polygonum multiflorum var. hypoleucum(1,1), Dumasia villosa ssp. Bicolor(+,1), Goodyera maximowicziana(+,1), Smilax bracteata(+,1), Litsea acutivena(+,1), Machilus zuihoensis var. mushaensis(+,1), Actinidia callosa(+,+),Callicarpa randaiensis(+,+),Prunus phaeosticta(+,+),Physalis peruviana(+,+),Viburnum taitoense(1,2), Rubia lanceolata(+,+),Kadsura japonica(+,1), Clematis uncinata(+,2), Elaeagnus glabra(+,+),Hedera rhombea var. for